Geography of Ecuador - Learn Information about South Americas Ecuador

Ecuador is a country located on the west coast of South America between Columbia and Peru. It is known for its position along the Earths equator and for officially controlling the Galapagos Islands, which are about 620 miles (1,000 km) from Ecuadors mainland. Ecuador is also incredibly biodiverse and it has a medium-sized economy. Fast Facts: Ecuador Official Name: Republic of EcuadorCapital: QuitoPopulation: 16,498,502 (2018)Official Language: Spanish (Castilian)Â  Currency: US dollar (USD)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlandsTotal Area: 109,483 square miles (283,561 square kilometers)Highest Point: Chimborazo at 20,561 feet (6,267 meters)Â  Lowest Point: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Ecuador Ecuador has a long history of settlement by native peoples, but by the 15th century it was controlled by the Inca Empire. In 1534 however, the Spanish arrived and took the area from the Inca. Throughout the rest of the 1500s, Spain developed colonies in Ecuador and in 1563, Quito was named as an administrative district of Spain. Beginning in 1809, Ecuadorian natives began to revolt against Spain and in 1822 independence forces beat the Spanish army and Ecuador joined the Republic of Gran Colombia. In 1830 though, Ecuador became a separate republic. In its early years of independence and through the 19th century, Ecuador was unstable politically and it had a number of different rulers. By the late 1800s, Ecuadors economy was beginning to develop as it became an exporter of cocoa and its people began to practice agriculture along the coast. The early 1900s in Ecuador were also unstable politically and in the 1940s it had a short war with Peru that ended in 1942 with the Rio Protocol. According to the U.S. Department of State, the Rio Protocol led to Ecuador conceding a portion of its land that was in the Amazon area to draw the borders that it currently has today. Ecuadors economy continued to grow after World War II and bananas became a large export. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Ecuador stabilized politically and was run as a democracy, but in 1997 instability returned after Abdala Bucaram (who became president in 1996) was removed from office after claims of corruption. In 1998, Jamil Mahuad was elected president but he was unpopular with the public due to economic problems. On January 21, 2000, a junta took place and Vice President Gustavo Noboa took control. Despite some of Noboas positive policies, political stability did not return to Ecuador until 2007 with the election of Rafael Correa. In October 2008, a new constitution went into effect and several policies of reform were enacted shortly thereafter. Government of Ecuador Today, Ecuadors government is considered a republic. It has an executive branch with a chief of state and a head of government, both of which are filled by the president. Ecuador also has a unicameral National Assembly of 124 seats that makes up its legislative branch and a judicial branch composed of the National Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court. Economics and Land Use in Ecuador Ecuador currently has a medium-sized economy that is based mainly on its petroleum resources and agricultural products. These products include bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, tapioca, plantains, sugarcane, cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products, balsa wood, fish and shrimp. In addition to petroleum, Ecuadors other industrial products include food processing, textiles, wood products, and various chemicals manufacturing. Geography, Climate, and Biodiversity of Ecuador Ecuador is unique in its geography because it is located on the Earths equator. Its capital Quito is located only 15 miles (25 km) from a latitude of 0 degrees. Ecuador has a varied topography that includes coastal plains, central highlands, and a flat eastern jungle. In addition, Ecuador has an area called Region Insular which contains the Galapagos Islands. According to Conservation International, Ecuador is one of the worlds most biodiverse countries. This is because it owns the Galapagos Islands as well as portions of the Amazon Rainforest. Ecuador has roughly 15% of the worlds known bird species, 16,000 species of plants, 106 endemic reptiles, and 138 amphibians. The Galapagos Islands also have a number of unique endemic species and is where Charles Darwin developed his Theory of Evolution. It should be noted that a large portion of Ecuadors high mountains are volcanic. The countrys highest point, Mount Chimborazo, is a stratovolcano and because of the Earths shape, it is considered as the point on the Earth that is farthest from its center at an elevation of 6,310 m. Ecuadors climate is considered humid subtropical in the rainforest areas and along its coast. The rest, however, is dependent on altitude. Quito is the capital and, with an elevation of 9,350 feet (2,850 m), is the second-highest capital city on the planet. The average July high temperature in Quito is 66 degrees (19ËšC) and its January average low is 49 degrees (9.4ËšC). Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Ecuador.Infoplease.com. Ecuador: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Ecuador.

1.Choose One Of The Psychological Disorders Discussed In

1. Choose one of the psychological disorders discussed in Chapter 16. Explain the neurological basis of the disorder, as well as the neurological basis for treatments of the disorder. Discuss open questions and possibilities for future research. You may not choose the same topic that you chose for your midterm, short answer question, or other long essay question. Schizophrenia is a disease of the brain that can cause many different kinds of complications for the patient. Some of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia are visual hallucinations/auditory hallucinations. This neurological disorder only impacts around 1 % of the population, buy can cause major distress for the individual that has it. There are both positive and negative†¦show more content†¦This example is known as the glutamate hypothesis which theorizes the idea that the brain receives a little amount of glutamate neurotransmission and not enough dopamine neurotransmission (Eagleman Downer, 539). Olney and Farber (1995) found that this caused many of the symptoms of schizophrenia (Eagleman Downer, 539). Moreover on this idea, Corlett, Honey, and Fletcher (2007) found that a good portion of schizophrenic patients have lower glutamate levels and tend to have differences in their NMDA receptor expressions (Eagleman Downer, 539). A lot of these findings were simila r to the effects of drugs like PCP (which block NMDA glutamate receptors) which tend to have side effects like hallucinations and states of fear (Eagleman Downer, 539). A third example of a neurological cause of schizophrenia is what is known as the dopamine hypothesis. This hypothesis is the idea that irregular levels of dopamine, in the case of schizophrenia, high levels of dopamine, are linked to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia (Eagleman Downer, 539). This idea was thought of because of the findings on the use of amphetamines causing a rise in dopamine in the brain as well as the rise of the symptoms of schizophrenia (Seeman Lee, 1975)( Eagleman Downer, 538). There are a few different treatments used for schizophrenia. However, one of the most prevalent treatments for schizophrenia is the antipsychotic prescription drug. One of theShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Emotional And Social Relationships Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesExploring Psychological Research The studies that I chose to participate in where Emotions and Social Relationships, Psychotic-like Experiences in Borderline Personality Disorder and Exploring Personality, Violent Thoughts and Violent Behavior. Emotion Topic Area The study I chose for this category was Emotions and Social Relationships. I chose this study because there have been many times when my emotions have had an enormous impact on my social relationships. I also know there are people whoRead MorePSY 322 Spring 2015 2 Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pagessyndromes. Second to this, emphasis will be placed on the associated course and consequences of each condition. Third, we will often discuss possible etiologies (causes) of psychological disorders. Lastly, treatment of these disorders will be discussed. COURSE OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding regarding the history of abnormal psychology, its theoretical conflicts, and its sociocultural contexts 2. Identify appropriateRead MoreContrasting Psycodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral and Person-Centered Counseling Theories1732 Words   |  7 Pagestheories are used by counselors as part of their treatment plan for clients. There are many types of theories that counselors can choose from. These theories are usually hosen based on the client needs and what the counselor feel will be most effective. 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What question(s) did you want to answer or what was your hypothesis regarding this topic? As mammals, there is no chance of escaping the need to consume food in everyday life. However, when it comes to food there can be a major concernRead MoreGender Identification : An Exploration Of The Transgender Group1625 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial in America because of lack of knowledge and societal acculturation of this group. As society continues to connect gender identity with sexual identity, those who identify as transgender are forced to conform to the cultural norms of society or choose not to openly portray their gender expression. Although the media and the LGBT community has played a major role in raising awareness about transgender people, legislation and politics reflect inequality and bias. Assigning gender roles in a societyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression And Schizophrenia1374 Words   |  6 Pagesreality and imagination. 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Next, military groups choose to use children for several key reasons.Read MoreThe Effects Of Abortion On The Mother1419 Words   |  6 PagesPalmquist 1 Colette Palmquist Ms. Johnson English 121 9/12/15 Let Them Choose The article â€Å"About Abortion† states the causes and effects of abortion and reports the psychological effects that abortion has on the mother. The article says that women who choose to abort their child usually do so for a number of reasons, among them being they are too young and immature, not financially able to support a child, or simply don’t have time for one. â€Å"Women have an abortion for numerous reasons. Most abortions

Moving Away Free Essays

I can still remember that day. If you asked me, I thought the world was coming to a blazing end. Well, at least my world. We will write a custom essay sample on Moving Away or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a very humid and hot summer afternoon. Unusually warm for New England, it was the type of weather found in the deep south of our country. It was quite a coincidence actually; since this was the type of weather I would have to be used to. After all here I was on my way down to the south moving to Kentucky. It was a slightly a year before when I was first told by my parents that we would be moving. At first I didn’t believe them. I thought, â€Å"What kind of sick joke is this? â€Å"But after a few minutes I realized they were serious. More serious questions came popping into my mind. Why would we move? What about my friends? Who is going to buy this junky house? These were all questions that initially ran through my jumbled mind. My parents refused to answer my questions however. This got me extremely angry. How could they force such a change in my life and ignore my questions? My parents were being cruel, not because they were making me move but because they were completely ignoring my feelings and questions. My opinions and feelings meant nothing to them because they made the choice on their own. I was a Essay on Moving Away Moving away from all of your best friends can be a real tragedy in a sixteen-year-old teenagers life. It’s hard to get up and go eight hundred miles away from everyone you know and everything you grew up around. I had this happen to me about three years ago and it is the largest change I have ever had to adjust to in my life. It wasn’t the changes around me that I was bothered by; it was that I did not know one living soul for hundreds of miles and all I wanted was a friend. Two days into the summer after sophomore year at Governor Mifflin High School in the little town of Shillington Pennsylvania I would find out the worse news that a sixteen year old could hear. I found out that in four days my family and I would be moving to a suburb outside of Chicago because of my dads recent job change. I was devastated, I ran to my room and cried for about an hour with thoughts of all my friends running through my head. It was like all the memories I had with all my friends were going through my head at the same time. It was beyond doubt one of the biggest challenges of my life. During the last few days I was there I went out with my friends every night ha Moving far away from family and friends can be tough on a child at a young age. It has its pros and cons. One learns how to deal with moving away from the people they love and also learn how to deal with adjusting to new ways of life. Everything seems so different and at a young age one feels like they have just left the whole world behind them. That was an experience that changed my life as a person. It taught me how to deal with change and how to adjust. It developed me from a young boy into a mature young man. The day I moved away, a lot of things were going through my young mind. As I took my last look at my home, I remembered all the fun times I had with my family and friends through out my life. Now I was moving 800 miles away from all of that with no insight on what lied ahead for me. As my family and I drove away from our Michigan home, I looked out the window wondering what Virginia would be, and what my friends were doing. A lot of things were going through my mind at the time. At the time my main worry was if I would make any friends, and how I would adjust to everything. During the whole drive down, my mother would often let me know that everything would be all right and I would like it. Trying to be strong and hold back my tears, I just shook my head no, wondering why we had to move so far away. Life would be different for me and I knew it would. Adjusting to an atmosphere and new people had its ups and downs. Everybody ta. The effects of moving to a new town or city Nowadays, as a result of looking for better conditions of life many people have been moving from their own city to another city or country. People in all over the world are developing the necessity of find their happiness, education and a better work. Moving to a new town or city can bring some negatives and positives effects to the person who is moving. The first effect of moving to a new town or city can be found in educational life. Since people are looking to a better education, they move to a country that can give them the possibility of be a good professional. For example, in Angola my country, if you want find a great job; you have to have an international certificate. This means that the people who are living in another country have more possibility to achieve the work. Sometimes the companies on my country prefer consider people who are from another country. In short, I am the exactly example because I moved from my country to U. S. A to look for a spectacular certificate. The second effect of moving to a new town or city can be found in psychologist state of a person. For example, when I arrived here I had some mental problems because always I was thinking about my family that I left in Angola. A person who is homesick suffers the consequences alone and thinks a lot about the family that is away from her. In my opinion, think about the family who people left causes serious problem and the person cannot concentrate on her real objective there. In addition, people have to be strong and control all their feelings when they are in another town. The third effect of moving to a new town is that people spend a lot of money. To start a new life sometimes because of work or studies when people move they spend a lot of money with car, house, and school until adjust the new life with the new city. Starting a new life is kind of complicated because at first time you don’t have where buy and find everything†¦. How to cite Moving Away, Papers

Affirmative Action- Negative Team free essay sample

In response to such suppressive inequalities, the United States decided to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, outlawing major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, religions, and women. In 1961, President Kennedy had introduced affirmative action, and in 1965 President Johnson began to put it into effect. Affirmative Action was meant to balance out some of the inequalities that had been holding back minorities from opportunities to excel in things such as; employment and school. Affirmative action was thought to be a temporary effort to fix inequalities that would, over time, fade away. However, here we are in the year 2013 and affirmative action is still largely being enforced. Because of this, much controversy over its relevance in our current day society strongly exists. While proponents may argue that Affirmative Action is still needed, many feel that it is now counter-productive. Americans tend to be a highly competitive society, favoring an applicant due to their skin color, religion or ethnicity unfairly gives a boost to those that are competing on ability alone (Storey, 2011). Currently the Supreme Court is reviewing the case of Fisher vs. University of Texas, in which Abigail Fisher, a white student, was denied admission to the University of Texas due to Affirmative Action. She brought the University of Texas to court based on the fact that she felt the rejection â€Å"violated the Equal Rights Protection of the 14th  Amendment† (Hu, 2012). When two students are applying to a college and they have the same SAT and GPA scores, one should not gain admission simply because the  college has a quota system. This is akin to reverse discrimination. Also, admitting a student based on these criteria may place a student in a school in which they will perform poorly due to being ill equipped to handle the more competitive environment. This sets one up for failure and demeans their ability to achieve success on their own merits. It is also demeaning and condescending to the applicant as they will be viewed as less capable by their peers. Affirmative Action takes away the incentive for one to perform to the best of their abilities, leading to lower achievement. â€Å"Students end up with poor grades (usually in the bottom fifth of their class), lower graduation rates, extremely high attrition rates from science and engineering majors, substantial self-segregation on campus, lower self-esteem and far greater difficulty passing licensing tests†Ã‚  (Sander Stuart, 2012) Many believe that affirmative action is needed to maintain a diverse educational system, when studies have shown that in fact it does exactly the opposite. â€Å"Economics professor Peter Arcidiacono and his colleagues at Duke University found in a 2011 study that students were much more likely to become friends with classmates they saw as academically similar to themselves. Students with large preferences were more likely to self-segregate and find themselves socially isolated. (Sander Taylor, 2012, p. 3)   A few of the examples that these supporters have used to support their positive stance includes students that have started at a disadvantage are given an opportunity that they may not have otherwise had, some stereotypes may never be broken without affirmative action and it helps lead a color blind society. These are all positive aspects that as a society we should strive to maintain but in no way does affirmative action help withhold these benefits. The problem with these so called â€Å"benefits† is it forms a reverse discrimination; tension is caused between different ethnic groups and creates more biased opinions. When a person see’s someone admitted to a school or hired for a job based on their ethnicity and not on their achievements this causes many frustrations and has been known to widen the racial gap, in turn, breeding stereotypes. Racial equality is one of the biggest issues our society faces; however, race based affirmative action â€Å"treats the symptoms but not the root causes of an underlying social problem,† (Espenshade, 2012). Instead of basing college admissions of ethnicity, we need to take a closer look at why different races are behind in the first place, â€Å"entering kindergarten black children are one year behind white children, and when they graduate high school black teenagers are four years behind white teenagers,† (Espenshade, 2012). We should be addressing this issue in kindergarten instead of at the college level and determining how we can correct the problem of the â€Å"racial and socioeconomic gap in academic performance† from the first day of school. One of the most profound conclusions that can be taken from affirmative action is ones attitude and how they will relate to the balancing of demographic status and evaluation of procedures that are directly associated to the choosing of prospective students and/or candidates. Overall the evidence before us seems to acknowledge not only the injustices that affirmative action creates, but the disproportionate injustices of those of diverse ethnicities, race, sexual orientation, disabilities and women endure as a result, as well. It appears the indicative problem with affirmative action is that it is intended to provide a provisional and unsatisfactory remedy to deep problems without really addressing and banishing the underlying cause. Society as a whole must strive to exchange affirmative action with fair and equitable treatment for all. Of course, this will require significant changes in the corporate and educational institute process as well as social attitudes. Diversity is becoming a way of life for some but not enough people have embraced this concept. Unfortunately, affirmative action is not the first step towards equality for all but instead it is the culmination process. Annotated Bibliography Espenshade, Thomas J. (October 4th 2012). Moving Beyond Affirmative Action. NY Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/10/05/opinion/moving-beyond-affirmative-action. ht ml Espenshade believes that race-conscious affirmative action is necessary, and often beneficial. He feels if affirmative action is abolished, selective colleges and universities will face a less diverse environment and that the racial and socioeconomic gap in academic performance is America’s most pressing domestic issue. Hu, Helen. Debate over affirmative action in college admissions continues.   Diverse Issues in Higher Education  25 Oct. 2012: 8. Academic OneFile. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Retrieved from: http://go. galegroup. com. library. esc. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA307917321v=2. 1u=escit=rp=AONEsw=w Hu references the case of Fisher vs. University of Texas, in which Abigail Fisher, a white student, was denied admission to the University of Texas. She brought the University of Texas to court based on the fact that she felt the rejection â€Å"violated the Equal Rights Protection of the 14th  Amendment,† due to the fact that she felt it was a case of reverse discrimination. The district and appellate courts upheld the University’s decision and on February 21st  2012 the U. S Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. This case is currently ongoing with the U. S Supreme Court and no decision has yet been made. Sander, R. , Stuart, T. ,Jr. (2012, Oct 13). REVIEW the unraveling of affirmative action. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1104427183? accountid=8067 Sander and Stuart review the problems students face when Affirmative Action is used to place a student in an environment in which they are not suited, too often setting them up for failure instead of success. Instead it has been found that minorities, who are more properly placed in median schools or at the level of their actual capabilities, tend to excel much faster. Furthermore, it is believed that by fostering diversity in the classroom it will inevitably create cross-racial friendships, instead studies have shown that affirmative action can actually have an opposite affect. Storey, W. (2011, February). Affirmative action evaluated. Politics Review,  20(3), 21+. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. library. esc. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA248735692v=2. 1u=escit=rp=ITOFsw=w Storey reviews how the people with the strongest opposition to affirmative action when it was first introduced

Essay on Parenting Styles Essay Example

Essay on Parenting Styles Essay Essay on parenting styles and child development Parenting styles play an integral role in the development of a child. In fact, research has revealed that parenting styles can influence a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological growth, which affects children both in the childhood years, and as an adult. This is because children develop through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchange, which surround them. The fact that parents are regularly around a child’s life they will influence him/her either negatively or positively. This paper discusses the parenting styles adopted by parents across different countries. The commonly known parenting styles are four. They include authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful parenting. Authoritative parenting is parenting style that is both responsive and demanding. Parents who use this parenting style teach their children to be independent while at the same time controlling their actions. Authoritative parents understand their child’s emotions, and they teach them how to control their feelings. In addition, these parents always demand maturity. Punishments are prevalent in this style, but they are not violent or arbitrary. This parenting style has the advantage that children respond accordingly due to the various set limits. Authoritarian parenting is the next parenting style. It is also known as strict parenting, and it is both unresponsive and demanding. The central characteristic of this style is that parents expect their children to comply, and conform to every rule. This parenting style has little open communication between the parent and the child. Authoritarian parents normally require their children to follow the set rules without even a single explanation why the rules and limits are set. According to research, parents who adopt this parenting style are unresponsive to the child’s emotional needs. As a result, these children tend to display low social competence because their parents prevent them from making their own choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Parenting Styles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Parenting Styles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Parenting Styles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Indulgent parenting is a parenting style that is undemanding and responsive. Parents who adopt this style are normally permissive and lenient, only because they have few expectations from the child. Indulgent parents are usually involved with their children, but they set very few rules and limits. Children brought up through this style are often seen as rude and spoiled. This is because their parents do not teach them how to control their emotions. The last parenting style is neglectful parenting. Unlike the other three, neglectful parenting is neither demanding nor responsive. Instead, parents a completely uninvolved with the child’s growth. Neglectful parents are usually unresponsive and dismissive to their children’s emotional needs. Children brought up through this parenting style are often mature and independent; although they tend to display emotional withdraw towards other people. In addition, these children do not express their feelings easily. Hesitate no more where to find your write my essay online help EssayLead team is here to assist you!

How to Report Voting Rights Problems

How to Report Voting Rights Problems Due to the protections of four federal voting rights laws, cases of qualified voters being improperly denied their right to vote or register to vote are now rare. However, in every major election, some voters are still improperly turned away from the polling place, or encounter conditions that voting difficult or confusing. Some of these incidents are accidental, others are intentional, but all should be reported. What Should be Reported? Any action or condition you feel prevented or was intended to prevent you from voting. Just few examples include; polls opening late or closing early, running out of ballots or having your identity or voter registration status improperly challenged. Any action or condition you feel made it difficult for you to vote, including but not limited to; lack of handicapped accessibility and accommodation, lack of assistance for people with limited English ability, confusing ballots, lack of privacy while voting, generally unhelpful or unknowledgeable poll workers or officials. How to Report Voting Problems If you experience any problem or confusion while voting report the situation to one of the poll workers or election officials immediately. Do not wait until you have finished voting. If the election officials at the polling place are unable or unwilling to help you, the problem should be reported directly to the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. There are no special forms to use or procedures to followjust call the Civil Rights Division toll-free at (800) 253-3931, or contact them by mail at: Chief, Voting SectionCivil Rights Division Room 7254 - NWBDepartment of Justice950 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.Washington, DC 20530 The Department of Justice also has the authority to station federal election observers and monitors in polling places considered to present a potential for discrimination or other voting rights violations. The jurisdiction of DOJ election observers is not limited to federal-level elections. They may be dispatched to monitor elections for any position, anywhere in the nation, from President of the United states to city dogcatcher. Any observed potential violations of the Voting Rights Act, or any other action determined by the observers to be an attempt to influence certain voters or to prevent them from voting will be reported to the DOJs Civil Rights Division for further corrective action. In the Nov. 2006 elections, the Department of Justice sent 850 Civil Rights Division election monitors to 69 jurisdictions in 22 states.

What should the UK Government do to make our transport systems work Essay

What should the UK Government do to make our transport systems work better - Essay Example Road congestion has now become a trend in the society and even for individuals in particular. As we have observed, traffic is very rampant especially during the so-called â€Å"rush hours† wherein people are in the speed for work or school. So, as the inconvenience of road congestion grows, cities world wide are struggling to deal the problem of increasing mobile population (Edwards & Smith, 2008, p1). Not being notice by many, that this simple phenomenon on transport problems can produce other problems in the society, or at least point, it contributes to it. We shall see in the study made by Edwards and Smith, the domino effect of the growing mobile population to other predicted problems and even to unforeseen predicaments. Thus, we can see this scenario in a dynamic complexity manner wherein it is still rational to say (though hardly be seen with just a simple glance), that these effects are a by-product of such occurrence (growing mobile population) and that they are simult aneously linked to one another. Problems in the society today like oil price hikes, global warming and economic recessions are mentioned to be the result of a mounting transport population. In their paper entitled â€Å"Transport Problems Facing by Large Cities†, it depicts relevant factors which cause transportation problems. The researchers focus their study mainly on four large world cities, particularly London, Tokyo, Paris and New York. As a result of the study made, the researchers conclude several factors that affect the transportation and traffic flows as well as the other flaws linked to it. These would include: large population; high car dependency; and ageing transport infrastructure. We can also see in their study the connection of transport predicament as an inevitable result of other world issues that we are facing at present. Simple questions like â€Å"how does a large population affects the expansion of new transportation business?† to a more complex q uestion like â€Å"how can a high mobile dependency scenario can lead to economic recessions?† will be discussed and shown in the later part. What the government can do and must do is to make our transportation system better is to create and enact a law or a policy that will efficiently and effectively solve the issue. Though there are already existing policies with regards to this problem, it is still lacking because it does not yet solve the identified predicament. Moreover, the aspect that we will be focusing will be the factors indicated by Edwards and Smith in their study to come up with a strategic policy to answer the problems on transportation in UK as well as its under-effects. There are already proposals to this matter that this paper will be dealing into to have a competitive policy that will somehow ensure a better transport system. But first we must have to look at the factors which contribute more to transportation problem to have a greater knowledge on which to concentrate more our policy to avoid misusage of effort as well as money and to achieve our desired result in a more effective manner. The diagram in the next page will show relevant connections on the factors mentioned by Edwards and Smith regarding transportation problems and there effects on other problems. MONOPOLY IN TRANSPOTATION BUSINESS LARGE POPULATION EXPANSION OF TRANS. BUSINESS LOW BUSINESS COMPETTIVENESS HIGHER RATE OF TRANSPORTATION DEMAND HIGH MOBILE ROAD DEPENDENCY CONGESTION ECONOMIC RECESSION OIL SCARCITY IN WORLD MARKET HIGH CO2 EMISSION/ AIR POLLUTION OIL PRICE HIKE DECLINE IN PRODUCTION GLOBAL WARMING INFLATIONS LOWER CONSUMPTION The Domino Effect As we can see in the diagram, the primary contributor in the interlinked world problems would be the factor of high mobile dependency. If we notice, there is a cause and effect relations between transportation problems to other economic, societal and environmental predicaments that will